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The RAConteur: CMS’ Ongoing Appeal Fairy Tales

Posted by J. Paul Spencer, CPC, CPC-H in The RAConteur™

It is inevitable that once in all of our lives, each one of us shall receive bad news. As a result, people are suckers for apparent happy endings. As a relevant current example, television talent competitions are stocked to the rafters with contestants that have heart-touching back stories and only fair-to-middling talent, which goes a long way to supplying a false sense of security in a populace that has been conditioned to accept bad news as normal. In reality, happy endings are few and far between, there are no magical winged ponies or unicorns and people are not suckers solely in the realm of desiring such a happy ending.

For all of these reasons, I exist in life as something of a cross between a spirit guide and interpreter, leading all of those within my sphere of influence toward a higher truth by finding the illusions implanted in other things. It is in this capacity that I come to you today, and since it is Wednesday, the subject today is the CMS version of the effectiveness of the Recovery Audit program.

On June 1, without fanfare (as has been their habit lately), CMS released a one-page appeals update for the RAC program. If you concentrate on just the numbers in the report, you would come to the sugar-coated conclusion that the percentage of claims overturned on appeal for all denials stands at 2.7% for Fiscal Year 2011, which concluded on September 30, 2011. The total number of dollars overturned, to hear CMS tell it, was $37.9 million. If the update stopped there, the prince and the princess would live happily ever after. Unfortunately, the update contains small print that in this case deflates the entire argument.

On the update, below numbers showing the number of claims with overpayment determinations and the numbers appealed, CMS includes this phrase:

“The number of claims that have been appealed is limited to claims originating in FY 2011, with appeals initiated through 9/30/2011. Each level of the appeal process has statutory time frames that provide due process to providers. Since these time frames extend beyond the end of the fiscal year, each update will represent a snapshot in time to ensure accurate data.”

The translation to this is that the numbers in the CMS update address only completed appeals that began during the last fiscal year. In CMS’ zeal to deliver good news, they have left out an enormous universe of appeals still in process. According to the latest AHA RACTrac survey report that was released on May 10th, seventy-five percent of RAC appeals are still in process, many at the 2nd or 3rd level. Suddenly, when we get a full view of the appeal picture, CMS’ representation of the success of the RAC program comes off as less than truthful.

The timing of the release of this report requires some critical thinking as well. I wrote a few weeks ago about the U. S. Senate Finance Committee requesting “white papers” from all interested stakeholders with recommendations on how to reduce fraud, waste and abuse in the Medicare program. The Committee’s deadline for submissions is the end of June.

CMS has been teetering along a carefully-drawn line of their own design that at all times brings forth a public stance that is best distilled by the phrase, “Remain calm. All is well”. With outside entities such as the General Accounting Office, the OIG and the AHA generating report after report stating that the current multi-tiered approach to improper payments is failing at all levels, CMS is becoming desperate to present evidence that shows that the opposite of the reports is true. From the Centers’ vantage point, even a small, carefully-crafted version of good news is worth reporting. Unfortunately, what CMS has produced is the stuff of legend; not quite true, not quite false and leaning heavily towards exaggeration.

The problem with this approach is that CMS is not Babe Ruth. There will be no miracle two-home-run games for the sick child, no called shot and no bigger-than-life persona that can magically turn the disease-infested plague drama that is current anti-waste efforts into a happy story for the ages. I exist today to tell you that CMS’ RAC appeal numbers do not add up. If this post has helped just one person avoid being a sucker for a day, I consider my journey a success.

The RAConteur: Another Opinion on Government Audits

Posted by J. Paul Spencer, CPC, CPC-H in The RAConteur™

Given the increasing incompetence in our society, I feel that with each passing day there are more jobs that I myself could perform. Yet there is one exception, and that would be the job of sports referee. It takes either a special level of off-the-chart arrogance regarding your own skills or a deep-seeded self-hatred to be a referee. Every decision that a referee makes guarantees that one-half of the participants in the sporting contest will come away hating you.

In the world of government audits in the last week, we heard from one such policy referee, that being the General Accounting Office (GAO).

The GAO is officially the investigative arm of Congress. It operates as the actuarial governor on Congressional legislation, reviewing the receipt and payment of public funds to gage the financial impact of legislation. Much like a referee, the reports released by the GAO tend to briefly alienate political factions based on whether the reports fit a particular party narrative. A report released last Wednesday was no exception.

The GAO chastised the Department of Health & Human Services for not implementing past recommendations to reduce improper payments from the Medicare program. The most prominent of the GAO’s recommendations was CMS demanding automated prepayment edits of the Medicare Administrative Contractors (MACs) in order to identify improper claims. This recommendation was first brought forward in 2007 and remains an elusive goal.

In addition, the GAO wants to see payments to Medicare Advantage plans to reflect the correct health status of the beneficiary in question. Risk Adjustment Data Validation (RADV) audits have revealed that the Medicare Part C plans have been claiming more dollars than they are entitled to based on patient condition, so this GAO recommendation should gain some traction. In addition, the GAO wants to see the current Medicare Advantage Quality Bonus Payment Demonstration halted, as it claims the design of the program precludes it from yielding meaningful results.  

It is one thing for the Senate Finance Committee to request input from stakeholders on how to avoid waste, fraud and abuse in the Medicare program. It is quite another for the GAO to state that there is more that CMS could do to fight improper payments, in addition to RACs, ZPICs and predictive modeling technology, all of which have been shown to be failing in their own unique ways. The injection of the GAO as an impartial observer into the debate should be welcomed by a provider community left shell-shocked from audit activity. For this one time, everyone should rejoice in the arrival of the referee.

The RAConteur: Other (Wide) Shoes Begin To Drop

Posted by J. Paul Spencer, CPC, CPC-H in The RAConteur™

I thought I’d begin today’s rumination by dispensing a bit of just-uncovered wisdom; having wide feet in and of itself does not guarantee that one is standing on steady ground. Allow me to offer one literal and one figurative example.

This morning, I was making my usual run to purchase a 44-ounce unsweetened iced tea at my local Speedway store (a Midwestern gas station-mini-mart chain) against the backdrop of rainfall in the Greater Milwaukee region. I took about four steps into the store and promptly slipped on a wet spot on the floor, quickly losing footing under my size 12 wides. I was able to catch myself before I made any more of a rush hour spectacle of myself. To Speedway’s credit, this morning’s iced tea was complimentary due to the apologetic clerk’s self-flagellation for not putting down a mat across the floor, thereby keeping my lifetime record of never hiring an ambulance-chasing attorney intact. Little did she know I’m a singer and not a dancer…

Upon my arrival at the office this morning, I was greeted by an article that should be of great interest to all providers adversely affected by government audits. A representative of the Senate Finance Committee told an audience at the just-concluded Health Care Compliance Association conference in Las Vegas that the Committee will soon be issuing an open letter to healthcare providers. The purpose of the communique is to solicit advice on the best ways to prevent waste, fraud and abuse in Medicare, Medicaid and their many offshoots.

On April 24th, this same committee held a hearing entitled “Anatomy of a Fraud Bust: From Investigation to Conviction”. It was at this hearing that Senator Orrin Hatch (R-Utah), the ranking minority member of the Finance Committee, announced his intention to solicit provider input. In the absence of the letter, the Committee has apparently been inundated with complaints from providers regarding auditing tactics. The bulk of the ire has been focused on the Zone Program Integrity Contractors (ZPIC) and that less-than-popular ongoing scourge of the hospital community, the RACs.

As the reader knows, I’m more than happy to share clearly defined opinions of both of these outside contractors. Bluntly, gathering the organized input of the provider community is overdue. Yet I would caution the reader, as I did with another such open letter issued last week, to consider the source of the request and the backdrop under which it occurs. The committee hearing from the 24th was commenced with two agendas. On one side was Senator Max Baucus (D-Montana), attempting to point to successes of government audits in the hope of propping up the thesis that states that fraud & abuse collections will pay for health care reform. On the other side is Senator Hatch, whose party’s ultimate mission is to vastly redesign the Medicare program into some kind of an amorphous voucher program.

Given this, there are reasons not to trust the motives of the minority portion of the Committee on this particular subject, but we are all fully aware that the RAC and ZPIC processes appear to be deliberately designed so that providers are at a disadvantage. The RAC program in particular has been problematic in that CMS continues to tweak the program to make it harder for providers to respond to incorrect audit findings in a cost-effective manner. As the majority of the contentious issues revolve around short hospital stays and observation status, it would appear that the RAC program could be formally concluded if CMS would only clarify these standards. It would be much more cost-effective for all concerned than the current model. To complicate matters, the boastful and glowing quarterly reports on RAC results that have been released by CMS thus far crumble under the realities of provider appeal results.

Yet something is missing. One set of entities that is more responsible than any other for Medicare’s haphazard payment practices appears once again to be avoiding the spotlight. I speak of the Medicare Administrative Contractors, who have been allowing Medicare benefits on claims that had no business being paid for decades, all without consequence. If the effect of a set of policies is studied in the absence of studying the cause, only half of the story has been written. Providers would be wise to consider this in any testimony or remarks submitted to the committee.

While this announcement was being made, I came across interesting news on a live broadcast by the RACMonitor team from the same conference. They had a guest on their broadcast yesterday afternoon stating that she has now seen Medicaid RAC activity in the states on New Jersey and Kansas. While the fate of the Medicaid RAC program now hangs on the looming Supreme Court decision regarding PPACA, it is no less distressing to learn that activity that has done very little for the Medicare Trust Fund is now reaching into Medicaid with their error-prone tentacles.

I saw more than just my own wide feet drop in the last day and a half, and only my own dealt directly with rain and iced tea. With regard to the other two, I am less than thrilled at the beginnings of the Medicaid RAC program given recent history, but I couldn’t be happier that the RAC and ZPIC contractors and their processes are finally being put under a credible and critical microscope.